Overview
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:
I. To compare in a randomized manner the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) for children and young adults with High Risk (HR) B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) treated with modified Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster (mBFM) chemotherapy without delayed intensification (DI) part 2, but with the addition of two blocks of inotuzumab ozogamicin, versus those treated with full mBFM chemotherapy backbone including DI Part 2 without the addition of inotuzumab ozogamicin.
SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:
I. To describe the 5-year DFS for a favorable risk subset of National Cancer Institute (NCI) HR B-ALL (HR-Fav) when treated with mBFM chemotherapy with a single high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) interim maintenance (IM) phase and treatment duration of 2 years from the start of IM regardless of sex.
II. To determine the toxicity and tolerability of inotuzumab ozogamicin integrated into the mBFM chemotherapy backbone in HR B-ALL including toxicity experienced during phases of therapy subsequent to inotuzumab ozogamicin.
III. To describe the 5-year event-free survival (EFS) for patients with mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) receiving mBFM HR B-ALL therapy that includes a second IM phase with Capizzi intravenous (IV) methotrexate without leucovorin rescue plus pegaspargase or calaspargase pegol (C-MTX).
IV. To describe the 5-year EFS for patients with disseminated (Murphy stage III-IV) B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (B-LLy) receiving mBFM HR B-ALL therapy that includes a second IM phase with C-MTX.
EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES:
I. To describe the therapy administered, disease response, and survival outcomes of patients with MPAL who come off protocol therapy due to poor disease response to ALL therapy either during Induction, at end of induction (EOI), or at end of consolidation (EOC).
II. To define the prevalence and significance of minimal marrow disease (MMD) at diagnosis and bone marrow minimal residual disease (MRD) at EOI in disseminated B-LLy.
III. To determine the impact of proposed adherence-enhancing interventions on adherence to oral 6-mercaptopurine in patients with ALL.
OUTLINE: All patients receive the same Induction and Consolidation chemotherapy. Patients with HR-Fav B-ALL are assigned to Arm I. Patients with HR B-ALL are randomized to Arm II or III. Patients with MPAL are assigned to Arm IV, and patients with B-LLy are assigned to Arm V.
All patients with B-ALL receive Induction and Consolidation therapy:
INDUCTION: Patients receive cytarabine intrathecally (IT) on day 1 and central nervous system (CNS)2 patients also receive cytarabine IT on days 4, 5 or 6 and 11 or 12. Patients also receive vincristine intravenously (IV) on days 1, 8, 15, and 22, daunorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes days 1, 8, 15, and 22, pegaspargase or calaspargase pegol IV over 1-2 hours or pegaspargase intramuscularly (IM) on day 4, and methotrexate IT on days 8 and 29 (and on days 15 and 22 for CNS3 patients). Patients \< 10 years old receive dexamethasone orally (PO) twice daily (BID) or IV on days 1-14; patients \>= 10 years old receive prednis(ol)one PO BID or IV on days 1-28. Treatment continues for 5 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Calaspargase pegol can only be given to patients less than 22 years of age.
CONSOLIDATION: Patients receive cyclophosphamide IV over 30-60 minutes on days 1 and 29, cytarabine IV over 1-30 minutes or subcutaneously (SC) on days 1-4, 8-11, 29-32, and 36-39, mercaptopurine PO once daily (QD) on days 1-14 and 29-42, and methotrexate IT on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 (CNS3 patients receive methotrexate IT on days 1 and 8). Patients also receive vincristine IV on days 15, 22, 43, and 50, and pegaspargase or calaspargase pegol IV over 1-2 hours or pegaspargase IM on days 15 and 43. Treatment continues for 8 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Additionally, patients with testicular disease at diagnosis that does not resolve by the end of induction will undergo radiation therapy over 12 once daily fractions. Calaspargase pegol can only be given to patients less than 22 years of age.
POST-CONSOLIDATION THERAPY: After Consolidation, based on clinical features and response, patients with B-ALL are designated as HR-Fav or HR B-ALL. Patients with HR-Fav B-ALL are assigned to Arm I. Patients with HR B-ALL are randomized to Arm II or III. Patients with MPAL and B-LLy are assigned to therapy arms (Arms IV and V) that are identical to Arm II. Patients that are \< 10 years, have CNS1, no testicular leukemia, with favorable cytogenetics (ETV6 RUNX1 fusion or double trisomies \[4 and 10\]), =\< 24 hours of steroids in the two weeks prior to diagnosis, and EOI MRD \< 0.01% are assigned to Arm I. Patients with HR B-ALL who are surface CD22 positive at diagnosis and have MRD \< 0.01% by the end of Consolidation, are randomized to either Arm II or III.
ARM I: HR-FAV B-ALL (Patients that are \< 10 years, have CNS1 status, no testicular leukemia, with favorable cytogenetics (ETV6 RUNX1 fusion or double trisomies \[4 and 10\]), =\< 24 hours of steroids in the two weeks prior to diagnosis, and EOI MRD \< 0.01%)
INTERIM MAINTENANCE: Patients receive vincristine IV on days 1, 15, 29, and 43, high dose methotrexate IV over 24 hours on days 1, 15, 29, and 43, leucovorin PO or IV on days 3-4, 17-18, 31-32, and 45-46, mercaptopurine PO QD on days 1-14, 15-28, 29-42, and 43-56, and methotrexate IT on days 1 and 29. Treatment continues for 9 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
DELAYED INTENSIFICATION (PART I): Patients receive methotrexate IT on day 1, dexamethasone PO BID or IV on days 1-7 and 15-21, vincristine IV on days 1, 8, and 15, doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes or up to 1 hour on days 1, 8, and 15, and pegaspargase or calaspargase pegol IV over 1-2 hours or pegaspargase IM on day 4. Treatment (Parts I and II of Delayed Intensification) continues for 9 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Calaspargase pegol can only be given to patients less than 22 years of age.
DELAYED INTENSIFICATION (PART II): Patients receive cyclophosphamide IV over 30-60 minutes on day 29, thioguanine PO on days 29-42, cytarabine IV over 1-30 minutes or SC on days 29-32 and 36-39, methotrexate IT on days 29 and 36, vincristine IV on days 43 and 50, and pegaspargase or calaspargase pegol IV over 1-2 hours or pegaspargase IM on day 43. Treatment (Parts I and II of Delayed Intensification) continues for 9 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Calaspargase pegol can only be given to patients less than 22 years of age.
MAINTENANCE: Patients receive methotrexate IT on days 1 and 29 for cycles 1-4, and day 1 for subsequent cycles. Patients also receive vincristine IV on day 1, prednisolone PO BID or IV on days 1-5, mercaptopurine PO QD on days 1-84, and methotrexate PO on days 8, 15, 22, 29 (excluded in cycles 1-4), 36, 43, 50, 57, 64, 71, and 78. Cycles repeat every 12 weeks for up to 2 years in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Patients with HR B-ALL who have MRD \< 0.01% by the end of Consolidation, and leukemic blasts positive for surface CD22 at diagnosis are randomized to Arm II or Arm III.
ARM II: HR B-ALL (CONTROL) INTERIM MAINTENANCE I: Patients receive vincristine IV on days 1, 15, 29 and 43, high dose methotrexate IV over 24 hours on days 1, 15, 29 and 43, leucovorin PO or IV on days 3-4, 17-18, 31-32, 45-46, mercaptopurine PO QD on days 1-14, 15-28, 29-42, and 43-56, and methotrexate IT on days 1 and 29. Treatment continues for 9 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
DELAYED INTENSIFICATION (PART I): Patients receive methotrexate IT on day 1, dexamethasone PO BID or IV on days 1-7 and 15-21, vincristine IV on days 1, 8, and 15, doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes or up to 1 hour on days 1, 8, and 15, and pegaspargase or calaspargase pegol IV over 1-2 hours or pegaspargase IM on day 4. Treatment (Parts I and II of Delayed Intensification) continues for 9 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Calaspargase pegol can only be given to patients less than 22 years of age.
DELAYED INTENSIFICATION (PART II): Patients receive cyclophosphamide IV over 30-60 minutes on day 29, thioguanine PO on days 29-42, cytarabine IV over 1-30 minutes or SC on days 29-32 and 36-39, methotrexate IT on days 29 and 36, vincristine IV on days 43 and 50, and pegaspargase or calaspargase pegol IV over 1-2 hours or pegaspargase IM on day 43. Treatment (Parts I and II of Delayed Intensification) continues for 9 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Calaspargase pegol can only be given to patients less than 22 years of age.
INTERIM MAINTENANCE II: Patients receive vincristine on days 1, 11, 21, 31 and 41, methotrexate IV over 2-15 minutes or 10-15 minutes on days 1, 11, 21, 31, and 41, methotrexate IT on days 1 and 31, and pegaspargase or calaspargase pegol IV over 1-2 hours on days 2 and 22 (pegaspargase) or 23 (calaspargase) or pegaspargase IM on days 2 and 22. Treatment continues for 8 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Calaspargase pegol can only be given to patients less than 22 years of age.
ARM III: HR B-ALL (EXPERIMENTAL) INOTUZUMAB OZOGAMICIN (InO) BLOCK 1: Patients receive inotuzumab ozogamicin IV over 60 minutes on days 1, 8, and 15 and methotrexate IT on day 1. Treatment continues for 4 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
INTERIM MAINTENANCE I: Patients receive vincristine IV on days 1, 15, 29 and 43, high dose methotrexate IV over 24 hours on days 1, 15, 29, and 43, leucovorin PO or IV on days 3-4, 17-18, 31-32, and 45-46, mercaptopurine PO on days 1-14, 15-28, 29-42, and 43-56, and methotrexate IT on days 1 and 29. Treatment continues for 9 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
DELAYED INTENSIFICATION (Part I): Patients receive methotrexate IT on day 1, dexamethasone PO BID or IV on days 1-7 and 15-21, vincristine IV on days 1, 8, and 15, doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes or up to 1 hour on days 1, 8, and 15, and pegaspargase or calaspargase pegol IV over 1-2 hours or pegaspargase IM on day 4. Treatment (Parts I and II of Delayed Intensification) continues for 5 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Calaspargase pegol can only be given to patients less than 22 years of age.
InO BLOCK 2: Patients receive inotuzumab ozogamicin IV over 60 minutes on days 1, 8, and 15. Treatment continues for 4 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
INTERIM MAINTENANCE II: Patients receive vincristine IV on days 1, 11, 21, 31, and 41, methotrexate IV on days 1, 11, 21, 31, and 41, methotrexate IT on days 1 and 31, and pegaspargase or calaspargase pegol IV over 1-2 hours on days 2 and 22 (pegaspargase) or 23 (calaspargase) or pegaspargase IM on days 2 and 22. Treatment continues for 8 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Calaspargase pegol can only be given to patients less than 22 years of age.
ARMS II AND III: HR B-ALL MAINTENANCE: Patients receive vincristine IV on day 1, prednisolone PO BID or IV on days 1-5, mercaptopurine PO on days 1-84, methotrexate PO on days 8, 15, 22, 29 (excluded in cycles 1 and 2), 36, 43, 50, 57, 64, 71 and 78, and methotrexate IT on days 1 (and 29 of cycles 1-2 for patients who do not receive cranial radiation). Cycles repeat every 12 weeks for up to 2 years in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients with CNS3 disease undergo cranial radiation therapy over 10 fractions during the first 4 weeks.
ARM IV: MPAL INDUCTION: Patients receive cytarabine IT on day 1 and CNS2 patients also receive cytarabine IT on days 4, 5 or 6 and 11 or 12. Patients also receive vincristine IV on days 1, 8, 15, and 22, daunorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes days 1, 8, 15, and 22, pegaspargase or calaspargase pegol IV over 1-2 hours or pegaspargase IM on day 4, and methotrexate IT on days 8 and 29 (and on days 15 and 22 for CNS3 patients). Patients \< 10 years old receive dexamethasone PO BID or IV on days 1-14; patients \>= 10 years old receive prednisolone PO BID or IV on days 1-28. Treatment continues for 5 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Calaspargase pegol can only be given to patients less than 22 years of age.
CONSOLIDATION: Patients receive cyclophosphamide IV over 30-60 minutes on days 1 and 29, cytarabine IV over 1-30 minutes or SC on days 1-4, 8-11, 29-32, and 36-39, mercaptopurine PO on days 1-14 and 29-42, methotrexate IT on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 (excluded on days 15 and 22 for CNS3 patients), vincristine IV on days 15, 22, 43, and 50, and pegaspargase or calaspargase pegol IV over 1-2 hours or pegaspargase IM on days 15 and 43. Treatment continues for 8 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients with testicular disease at diagnosis that does not resolve by the end of induction will and continued evidence of testicular disease at end of induction undergo testicular radiation over 12 once-daily fractions. Calaspargase pegol can only be given to patients less than 22 years of age.
ARM V: B-LLY INDUCTION: Patients receive cytarabine IT on day 1 and CNS2 patients also receive cytarabine IT on days 4, 5 or 6 and 11 or 12. Patients also receive vincristine IV on days 1, 8, 15, and 22, daunorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes days 1, 8, 15, and 22, pegaspargase or calaspargase pegol IV over 1-2 hours or pegaspargase IM on day 4, and methotrexate IT on days 8 and 29 (and on days 15 and 22 for CNS3 patients). Patients \< 10 years old receive dexamethasone PO BID or IV on days 1-14; patients \>= 10 years old receive prednisolone PO BID or IV on days 1-28. Treatment continues for 5 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Calaspargase pegol can only be given to patients less than 22 years of age.
CONSOLIDATION: Patients receive cyclophosphamide IV over 30-60 minutes on days 1 and 29, cytarabine IV over 1-30 minutes or SC on days 1-4, 8-11, 29-32, and 36-39, mercaptopurine PO on days 1-14 and 29-42, methotrexate IT on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 (excluded on days 15 and 22 CNS3 patients), vincristine IV on days 15, 22, 43, and 50, and pegaspargase or calaspargase pegol IV over 1-2 hours or pegaspargase IM on days 15 and 43. Treatment continues for 8 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients with testicular disease at diagnosis that does not resolve by the end of induction will and continued evidence of testicular disease at end of induction undergo testicular radiation therapy over 12 once-daily fractions. Calaspargase pegol can only be given to patients less than 22 years of age.
ARM IV AND V: MPAL AND B-LLY (Post-Consolidation Therapy) INTERIM MAINTENANCE I: Patients receive vincristine IV on days 1, 15, 29, and 43, high dose methotrexate IV over 24 hours on days 1, 15, 29, and 43, leucovorin PO or IV on days 3-4, 17-18, 31-32, and 45-46, methotrexate IT on days 1 and 29 and mercaptopurine PO QD on days 1-14, 15-28, 29-42, and 43-56. Treatment continues for 9 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
DELAYED INTENSIFICATION (PART I): Patients receive methotrexate IT on day 1, dexamethasone PO BID or IV on days 1-7 and 15-21, vincristine IV on days 1, 8, and 15, doxorubicin IV over 1-15 minutes or up to 1 hour on days 1, 8, and 15, and pegaspargase or calaspargase pegol IV over 1-2 hours or pegaspargase IM on day 4. Treatment (Parts I and II of Delayed Intensification) continues for 9 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Calaspargase pegol can only be given to patients less than 22 years of age.
DELAYED INTENSIFICATION (PART II): Patients receive cyclophosphamide IV over 30-60 minutes on day 29, thioguanine PO on days 29-42, cytarabine IV over 1-30 minutes or SC on days 29-32 and 36-39, methotrexate IT on days 29 and 36, vincristine IV or IV push over 1 minute on days 43 and 50, and pegaspargase or calaspargase pegol IV over 1-2 hours or pegaspargase IM on day 43. Treatment (Parts I and II of Delayed Intensification) continues for 9 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Calaspargase pegol can only be given to patients less than 22 years of age.
INTERIM MAINTENANCE II: Patients receive vincristine IV on days 1, 11, 21, 31, and 41, methotrexate IV or infusion over 2-15 minutes or 10-15 minutes on days 1, 11, 21, 31, and 41, methotrexate IT on days 1 and 31, and pegaspargase or calaspargase pegol IV over 1-2 hours on days 2 and 22 (pegaspargase) or (calaspargase) 23 or pegaspargase IM on days 2 and 22. Treatment continues for 8 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Calaspargase pegol can only be given to patients less than 22 years of age.
MAINTENANCE: Patients receive vincristine IV on days 1, prednisolone PO BID or IV on days 1-5, mercaptopurine PO on days 1-84, methotrexate PO on days 8, 15, 22, 29 (excluded in cycles 1 and 2), 36, 43, 50, 57, 64, 71, and 78, and methotrexate IT on days 1 (and 29 of cycles 1-2 for patients who do not receive cranial radiation). Cycles repeat every 12 weeks for up to 2 years in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients with CNS3 disease at diagnosis undergo cranial radiation therapy for 10 fractions over 4 weeks.
Patients undergo blood sample collection and bone marrow aspiration and biopsy on study. B-LLy patients undergo computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and/or bone scan on study.
After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up at 4 weeks, then every 3 months for 2 years, every 4-6 months for the third year, then every 6-12 months for years 4-5.
Principal investigator
Eligibility criteria
* B-ALL and MPAL patients must be enrolled on APEC14B1 and consented to eligibility studies (Part A) prior to treatment and enrollment on AALL1732. Note that central confirmation of MPAL diagnosis must occur within 22 days of enrollment for suspected MPAL patients. If not performed within this time frame, patients will be taken off protocol.
* APEC14B1 is not a requirement for B-LLy patients but for institutional compliance every patient should be offered participation in APEC14B1. B-LLy patients may directly enroll on AALL1732.
* Patients must be \> 365 days and \< 25 years of age
* White blood cell count (WBC) criteria for patients with B-ALL (within 7 days prior to the start of protocol-directed systemic therapy):
* Age 1-9.99 years: WBC \>= 50,000/uL
* Age 10-24.99 years: Any WBC
* Age 1-9.99 years: WBC \< 50,000/uL with:
* Testicular leukemia
* CNS leukemia (CNS3)
* Steroid pretreatment.
* White blood cell count (WBC) criteria for patients with MPAL (within 7 days prior to the start of protocol-directed systemic therapy):
* Age 1-24.99 years: any WBC NOTE: Patients enrolled as suspected MPAL but found on central confirmatory testing to have B-ALL must meet the B-ALL criteria above (age, WBC, extramedullary disease, steroid pretreatment) to switch to the B-ALL stratum before the end of induction.
* Patient has newly diagnosed B-ALL or MPAL (by World Health Organization \[WHO\] 2016 criteria) with \>= 25% blasts on a bone marrow (BM) aspirate;
* OR If a BM aspirate is not obtained or is not diagnostic of acute leukemia, the diagnosis can be established by a pathologic diagnosis of acute leukemia on a BM biopsy;
* OR A complete blood count (CBC) documenting the presence of at least 1,000/uL circulating leukemic cells if a bone marrow aspirate or biopsy cannot be performed.
* Patient has newly diagnosed B-LLy Murphy stages III or IV.
* Patient has newly diagnosed B-LLy Murphy stages I or II with steroid pretreatment.
* Note: For B-LLy patients with tissue available for flow cytometry, the criterion for diagnosis should be analogous to B-ALL. For tissue processed by other means (i.e., paraffin blocks), the methodology and criteria for immunophenotypic analysis to establish the diagnosis of B-LLy defined by the submitting institution will be accepted.
* Central nervous system (CNS) status must be determined prior to enrollment based on a sample obtained prior to administration of any systemic or intrathecal chemotherapy, except for steroid pretreatment and cytoreduction. It is recommended that intrathecal cytarabine be administered at the time of the diagnostic lumbar puncture. This is usually done at the time of the diagnostic bone marrow or venous line placement to avoid a second lumbar puncture. This is allowed prior to enrollment. Systemic chemotherapy must begin within 72 hours of this intrathecal therapy.
* All patients and/or their parents or legal guardians must sign a written informed consent.
* All institutional, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and NCI requirements for human studies must be met.
Exclusion Criteria:
* Patients with Down syndrome are not eligible (patients with Down syndrome and B-ALL are eligible for AALL1731, regardless of NCI risk group).
* With the exception of steroid pretreatment and steroid cytoreduction or the administration of intrathecal cytarabine, patients must not have received any prior cytotoxic chemotherapy for the current diagnosis of B-ALL, MPAL, or B-LLy or for any cancer diagnosed prior to initiation of protocol therapy on AALL1732.
* Patients who have received \> 72 hours of hydroxyurea within one week prior to start of systemic protocol therapy.
* Patients with B-ALL or MPAL who do not have sufficient diagnostic bone marrow submitted for APEC14B1 testing and who do not have a peripheral blood sample submitted containing \> 1,000/uL circulating leukemia cells.
* Patients with acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL) are not eligible.
* For Murphy stage III/IV B-LLy patients, or stage I/II patients with steroid pretreatment, the following additional exclusion criteria apply:
* T-lymphoblastic lymphoma.
* Morphologically unclassifiable lymphoma.
* Absence of both B-cell and T-cell phenotype markers in a case submitted as lymphoblastic lymphoma.
* Patients with known Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.
* Patients with known MYC translocation associated with mature (Burkitt) B-cell ALL, regardless of blast immunophenotype.
* Patients requiring radiation at diagnosis.
* Female patients who are pregnant, since fetal toxicities and teratogenic effects have been noted for several of the study drugs. A pregnancy test is required for female patients of childbearing potential.
* Lactating women who plan to breastfeed their infants while on study and for 2 months after the last dose of inotuzumab ozogamicin.
* Sexually active patients of reproductive potential who have not agreed to use an effective contraceptive method for the duration of study participation. For those patients randomized to inotuzumab ozogamicin, there is a minimum of 8 months after the last dose of inotuzumab ozogamicin for females and 5 months after the last dose of inotuzumab ozogamicin for males.
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